98:@0.067867:0.963104:0.095634:0.963104:0.095634:0.941283:0.067867:0.941283:0.000000:0.000000 Química:@0.120102:0.956142:0.176792:0.956142:0.176792:0.943479:0.120102:0.943479:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 3.º BG:@0.120102:0.967458:0.162238:0.967458:0.162238:0.954794:0.120102:0.954794:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 DUA:@0.070720:0.068512:0.114363:0.068512:0.114363:0.048260:0.070720:0.048260:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 . Representación:@0.114363:0.067883:0.246653:0.067883:0.246653:0.050982:0.114363:0.050982:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 Tipos de reacciones, según la clase de ruptura del enlace :@0.287495:0.105435:0.903420:0.105435:0.903420:0.082068:0.287495:0.082068:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 En toda reacción química existe ruptura de unos enlaces y formación de otros :@0.287495:0.127651:0.907748:0.127651:0.907748:0.111262:0.287495:0.111262:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.903642:0.127651:0.907678:0.127651:0.907678:0.111262:0.903642:0.111262:0.000000 nuevos. El tipo de enlace que caracteriza a los compuestos orgánicos es covalente :@0.287495:0.143999:0.907678:0.143999:0.907678:0.127610:0.287495:0.127610:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 y dependiendo del tipo de ruptura, homolítica o heterolítica, se forman radicales :@0.287495:0.160346:0.907678:0.160346:0.907678:0.143957:0.287495:0.143957:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 o iones. :@0.287495:0.176694:0.347717:0.176694:0.347717:0.160305:0.287495:0.160305:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 Ruptura homolítica :@0.287495:0.212095:0.480566:0.212095:0.480566:0.191354:0.287495:0.191354:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 Una ruptura de enlace es :@0.287495:0.234783:0.477429:0.234783:0.477429:0.218394:0.287495:0.218394:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 homolítica:@0.478000:0.234783:0.563228:0.234783:0.563228:0.217883:0.478000:0.217883:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 cuando cada átomo que se separa retiene un :@0.563228:0.234783:0.907622:0.234783:0.907622:0.218394:0.563228:0.218394:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 electrón de los dos que formaban dicho enlace, de modo que se origina dos especies :@0.287495:0.251131:0.907725:0.251131:0.907725:0.234742:0.287495:0.234742:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 eléctricamente neutras, muy reactivas, debido a la presencia de un electrón desapa-:@0.287495:0.267478:0.903657:0.267478:0.903657:0.251089:0.287495:0.251089:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 reado. Entonces, las reacciones en la que los enlaces se rompen homolíticamente :@0.287495:0.283826:0.907679:0.283826:0.907679:0.267437:0.287495:0.267437:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 dan lugar a la formación de :@0.287495:0.300173:0.492225:0.300173:0.492225:0.283784:0.287495:0.283784:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 radicales:@0.492225:0.300173:0.559762:0.300173:0.559762:0.283549:0.492225:0.283549:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 libres. :@0.559762:0.300173:0.609811:0.300173:0.609811:0.283784:0.559762:0.283784:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 A – B :@0.546414:0.337150:0.587725:0.337150:0.587725:0.322251:0.546414:0.322251:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 A• + B•:@0.615976:0.337150:0.670841:0.337150:0.670841:0.322251:0.615976:0.322251:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.401462:0.355394:0.405131:0.355394:0.405131:0.340495:0.401462:0.340495:0.000000 H H H :@0.424664:0.355394:0.509314:0.355394:0.509314:0.340495:0.424664:0.340495:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.632645:0.355394:0.636314:0.355394:0.636314:0.340495:0.632645:0.340495:0.000000 H H H :@0.655847:0.355394:0.736828:0.355394:0.736828:0.340495:0.655847:0.340495:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 H– C– C– C– H :@0.401462:0.374040:0.522629:0.374042:0.522629:0.359143:0.401462:0.359140:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.412018:0.376918:0.414157:0.376918:0.414157:0.368232:0.412018:0.368232:0.000000 :@0.435751:0.376918:0.437890:0.376918:0.437890:0.368232:0.435751:0.368232:0.000000 :@0.459482:0.376918:0.461621:0.376918:0.461621:0.368232:0.459482:0.368232:0.000000 :@0.483215:0.376918:0.485354:0.376918:0.485354:0.368232:0.483215:0.368232:0.000000 H– C– C– C + H :@0.624178:0.374042:0.768269:0.374042:0.768269:0.359143:0.624178:0.359143:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.643201:0.376918:0.645340:0.376918:0.645340:0.368232:0.643201:0.368232:0.000000 :@0.666934:0.376918:0.669073:0.376918:0.669073:0.368232:0.666934:0.368232:0.000000 :@0.690665:0.376918:0.692804:0.376918:0.692804:0.368232:0.690665:0.368232:0.000000 :@0.714398:0.376918:0.729230:0.376918:0.729230:0.368232:0.714398:0.368232:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 •:@0.718675:0.374042:0.722813:0.374042:0.722813:0.359143:0.718675:0.359143:0.000000 :@0.739214:0.376918:0.754047:0.376918:0.754047:0.368232:0.739214:0.368232:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 •:@0.743492:0.374042:0.747630:0.374042:0.747630:0.359143:0.743492:0.359143:0.000000 :@0.401459:0.392688:0.405127:0.392688:0.405127:0.377789:0.401459:0.377789:0.000000 H H H :@0.424661:0.392688:0.509311:0.392688:0.509311:0.377789:0.424661:0.377789:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.632642:0.392688:0.636310:0.392688:0.636310:0.377789:0.632642:0.377789:0.000000 H H H:@0.655844:0.392688:0.714980:0.392688:0.714980:0.377789:0.655844:0.377789:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 energía:@0.546308:0.365895:0.591404:0.365895:0.591404:0.352486:0.546308:0.352486:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 Ruptura heterolítica :@0.287495:0.440347:0.487622:0.440347:0.487622:0.419605:0.287495:0.419605:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 En la ruptura :@0.287495:0.463035:0.383503:0.463035:0.383503:0.446646:0.287495:0.446646:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 heterolítica:@0.382748:0.463035:0.473725:0.463035:0.473725:0.446134:0.382748:0.446134:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 uno de los átomos que se separa se lleva los dos electrones :@0.473725:0.463035:0.907567:0.463035:0.907567:0.446646:0.473725:0.446646:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 que formaban ese enlace. Lo que origina dos iones: un catión y un anión. El átomo :@0.287495:0.479382:0.907784:0.479382:0.907784:0.462994:0.287495:0.462994:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 de carbono que pierde su electrón se convierte en un ion positivo o carbocatión y el :@0.287495:0.495730:0.907749:0.495730:0.907749:0.479341:0.287495:0.479341:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 átomo que se lleva los dos electrones forma un carbanión.:@0.287495:0.512077:0.714770:0.512077:0.714770:0.495688:0.287495:0.495688:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.388405:0.568340:0.392074:0.568340:0.392074:0.553441:0.388405:0.553441:0.000000 H H H H :@0.413282:0.568340:0.501534:0.568340:0.501534:0.553441:0.413282:0.553441:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 H H H H:@0.644466:0.568340:0.724307:0.568340:0.724307:0.553441:0.644466:0.553441:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 +:@0.724302:0.562843:0.730123:0.562843:0.730123:0.554157:0.724302:0.554157:0.000000 H– C– C– C– C– Cl :@0.388405:0.586991:0.539517:0.586991:0.539517:0.572092:0.388405:0.572092:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.398959:0.589867:0.401098:0.589867:0.401098:0.581181:0.398959:0.581181:0.000000 :@0.422691:0.589867:0.424830:0.589867:0.424830:0.581181:0.422691:0.581181:0.000000 :@0.446424:0.589867:0.448563:0.589867:0.448563:0.581181:0.446424:0.581181:0.000000 :@0.470157:0.589867:0.472296:0.589867:0.472296:0.581181:0.470157:0.581181:0.000000 :@0.493888:0.589867:0.496027:0.589867:0.496027:0.581181:0.493888:0.581181:0.000000 H– C– C– C– C:@0.610746:0.586991:0.723567:0.586991:0.723567:0.572092:0.610746:0.572092:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.628638:0.589867:0.630777:0.589867:0.630777:0.581181:0.628638:0.581181:0.000000 :@0.652369:0.589867:0.654508:0.589867:0.654508:0.581181:0.652369:0.581181:0.000000 :@0.676102:0.589867:0.678241:0.589867:0.678241:0.581181:0.676102:0.581181:0.000000 :@0.699836:0.589867:0.701975:0.589867:0.701975:0.581181:0.699836:0.581181:0.000000 :@0.723567:0.589867:0.732123:0.589867:0.732123:0.581181:0.723567:0.581181:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.750259:0.589867:0.758815:0.589867:0.758815:0.581181:0.750259:0.581181:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 + Cl :@0.758812:0.586991:0.804890:0.586991:0.804890:0.572092:0.758812:0.572092:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.768797:0.589867:0.770936:0.589867:0.770936:0.581181:0.768797:0.581181:0.000000 ::@0.770934:0.586991:0.775290:0.586991:0.775290:0.571413:0.770934:0.571413:0.000000 – :@0.792059:0.581494:0.801220:0.581494:0.801220:0.572807:0.792059:0.572807:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.388409:0.605637:0.392077:0.605637:0.392077:0.590738:0.388409:0.590738:0.000000 H H H H :@0.413286:0.605637:0.501537:0.605637:0.501537:0.590738:0.413286:0.590738:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 H H H H:@0.644469:0.605637:0.725383:0.605637:0.725383:0.590738:0.644469:0.590738:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 A – B :@0.529963:0.545643:0.571274:0.545643:0.571274:0.530744:0.529963:0.530744:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 A + B:@0.599526:0.545643:0.651934:0.545643:0.651934:0.530744:0.599526:0.530744:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 +:@0.612994:0.540146:0.618815:0.540146:0.618815:0.531460:0.612994:0.531460:0.000000 ::@0.651934:0.545643:0.656289:0.545643:0.656289:0.530066:0.651934:0.530066:0.000000 –:@0.656289:0.540146:0.661173:0.540146:0.661173:0.531460:0.656289:0.531460:0.000000 radical. :@0.083567:0.508118:0.136790:0.508118:0.136790:0.493005:0.083567:0.493005:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 Especie química :@0.136790:0.508118:0.248428:0.508118:0.248428:0.493219:0.136790:0.493219:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 que contiene un :@0.134176:0.521948:0.248428:0.521948:0.248428:0.507049:0.134176:0.507049:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.244759:0.521948:0.248428:0.521948:0.248428:0.507049:0.244759:0.507049:0.000000 electrón desapareado :@0.099348:0.535779:0.248428:0.535779:0.248428:0.520880:0.099348:0.520880:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 o impar en su capa :@0.117977:0.549609:0.248428:0.549609:0.248428:0.534710:0.117977:0.534710:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 electrónica externa.:@0.113940:0.563439:0.244757:0.563439:0.244757:0.548540:0.113940:0.548540:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 Comunicacional:@0.101541:0.475676:0.237601:0.475676:0.237601:0.458775:0.101541:0.458775:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 Indica si cada uno de los siguientes pasos elementales implica una ruptura homolítica o :@0.302692:0.699683:0.890228:0.699683:0.890228:0.684784:0.302692:0.684784:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 heterolítica. Justifica tu respuesta. :@0.302692:0.713513:0.529048:0.713513:0.529048:0.698614:0.302692:0.698614:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 Ejercicio resuelto :@0.312929:0.660327:0.448968:0.660327:0.448968:0.643426:0.312929:0.643426:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 y propuesto:@0.330143:0.674157:0.421158:0.674157:0.421158:0.657257:0.330143:0.657257:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 a):@0.311600:0.740862:0.326508:0.740862:0.326508:0.723961:0.311600:0.723961:0.000000:0.000000 b):@0.310945:0.843327:0.327162:0.843327:0.327162:0.826426:0.310945:0.826426:0.000000:0.000000 CH Cl :@0.344479:0.744580:0.394317:0.744580:0.394317:0.728191:0.344479:0.728191:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 3:@0.366592:0.747744:0.371835:0.747744:0.371835:0.738189:0.366592:0.738189:0.000000 CH + Cl:@0.416593:0.744580:0.490203:0.744580:0.490203:0.728191:0.416593:0.728191:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 3 :@0.442740:0.747744:0.456738:0.747744:0.456738:0.738189:0.442740:0.738189:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 +:@0.447983:0.738536:0.454386:0.738536:0.454386:0.728981:0.447983:0.728981:0.000000 –:@0.490203:0.738533:0.495574:0.738533:0.495574:0.728978:0.490203:0.728978:0.000000 CH • + HBr :@0.345666:0.847065:0.436426:0.847065:0.436426:0.830676:0.345666:0.830676:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 3 :@0.367780:0.850229:0.384631:0.850229:0.384631:0.840674:0.367780:0.840674:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 :@0.399649:0.850229:0.402002:0.850229:0.402002:0.840674:0.399649:0.840674:0.000000 CH + Br•:@0.458702:0.847065:0.535565:0.847065:0.535565:0.830676:0.458702:0.830676:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 4 :@0.484849:0.850229:0.492444:0.850229:0.492444:0.840674:0.484849:0.840674:0.000000:0.000000 Ejemplo de la ruptura :@0.100795:0.188051:0.226772:0.188051:0.226772:0.175961:0.100795:0.175961:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 heterolítica del HBr:@0.107603:0.200121:0.214269:0.200121:0.214269:0.188031:0.107603:0.188031:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 Ejemplo de la ruptura :@0.104118:0.104123:0.227254:0.104123:0.227254:0.092033:0.104118:0.092033:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 homolítica del Br:@0.115041:0.116193:0.209471:0.116193:0.209471:0.104103:0.115041:0.104103:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 2:@0.209476:0.118489:0.213484:0.118489:0.213484:0.111441:0.209476:0.111441:0.000000 ©Shutterstock:@0.058924:0.242559:0.058924:0.199733:0.047013:0.199733:0.047013:0.242559:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 Ruptura heterolítica. El enlace C – Cl se rompe de manera desigual, el cloro atrae :@0.340917:0.761162:0.895388:0.761162:0.895388:0.746263:0.340917:0.746263:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 con mayor fuerza los dos electrones generando dos iones, un carbocatión (CH ) :@0.340917:0.778513:0.895437:0.778513:0.895437:0.763614:0.340917:0.763614:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 3:@0.876743:0.781389:0.881509:0.781389:0.881509:0.772703:0.876743:0.772703:0.000000 +:@0.881509:0.773018:0.887330:0.773018:0.887330:0.764332:0.881509:0.764332:0.000000 con carga positiva y un ion cloruro (Cl ) con carga negativa.:@0.340915:0.795864:0.732749:0.795864:0.732749:0.780965:0.340915:0.780965:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 -:@0.591850:0.790366:0.594760:0.790366:0.594760:0.781680:0.591850:0.781680:0.000000 Ruptura homolítica. A pesar de que el enlace H-Br es polar, la reacción con un radi-:@0.340917:0.863806:0.891803:0.863806:0.891803:0.848907:0.340917:0.848907:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 cal libre (CH ) hace que el electrón desapareado del radical metilo se empareje :@0.340917:0.881157:0.895405:0.881157:0.895405:0.866258:0.340917:0.866258:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 3:@0.424319:0.884033:0.429085:0.884033:0.429085:0.875347:0.424319:0.875347:0.000000 •:@0.429085:0.881157:0.434747:0.881157:0.434747:0.865579:0.429085:0.865579:0.000000 con uno de los electrones del enlace H-Br, formando un nuevo enlace C-H en el :@0.340917:0.898508:0.895522:0.898508:0.895522:0.883609:0.340917:0.883609:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000 metano (CH4). El otro electrón se queda con el bromo (Br•):@0.340917:0.915858:0.730657:0.915858:0.730657:0.900959:0.340917:0.900959:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000