149:@0.890754:0.963104:0.932133:0.963104:0.932133:0.941283:0.890754:0.941283:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Biología:@0.830288:0.956142:0.884646:0.956142:0.884646:0.943479:0.830288:0.943479:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3.º BG:@0.842511:0.967458:0.884646:0.967458:0.884646:0.954794:0.842511:0.954794:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
DUA. :@0.538101:0.069155:0.591371:0.069155:0.591371:0.048904:0.538101:0.048904:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Representación:@0.591262:0.068527:0.714192:0.068527:0.714192:0.051626:0.591262:0.051626:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
El equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg:@0.096359:0.101663:0.373393:0.101663:0.373393:0.083226:0.096359:0.083226:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
En 1908, el matemático estadounidense Godfrey Harold Hardy (1877-1947) y el médico :@0.096359:0.124822:0.716624:0.124822:0.716624:0.108433:0.096359:0.108433:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
alemán Wilhelm Weinberg (1862-1937), trabajando por separado, llegaron a la misma :@0.096359:0.141170:0.716541:0.141170:0.716541:0.124781:0.096359:0.124781:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
conclusión: bajo ciertas circunstancias, una población tiende a permanecer en equili-:@0.096359:0.157517:0.712559:0.157517:0.712559:0.141128:0.096359:0.141128:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
brio, es decir que sus proporciones fenotípicas y genotípicas se mantienen constantes, :@0.096359:0.173865:0.716541:0.173865:0.716541:0.157476:0.096359:0.157476:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
de generación en generación. Las condiciones para que este equilibrio se presente :@0.096359:0.190212:0.716545:0.190212:0.716545:0.173823:0.096359:0.173823:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
se pueden ver en el cuadro adjunto.:@0.096359:0.206559:0.360036:0.206559:0.360036:0.190171:0.096359:0.190171:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Condiciones del equilibrio :@0.107143:0.238966:0.318876:0.238966:0.318876:0.222066:0.107143:0.222066:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
de Hardy-Weinberg:@0.107143:0.255563:0.261915:0.255563:0.261915:0.238662:0.107143:0.238662:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
©Shutterstock:@0.094123:0.449314:0.094123:0.406489:0.082212:0.406489:0.082212:0.449314:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
©Shutterstock:@0.094123:0.885188:0.094123:0.842362:0.082212:0.842362:0.082212:0.885188:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
1.:@0.448339:0.251285:0.461824:0.251285:0.461824:0.235707:0.448339:0.235707:0.000000:0.000000
Que no existan:@0.464873:0.251285:0.563009:0.251285:0.563009:0.236386:0.464873:0.236386:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
mutaciones.:@0.465828:0.265116:0.545519:0.265116:0.545519:0.250217:0.465828:0.250217:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2.:@0.685062:0.311329:0.698547:0.311329:0.698547:0.295751:0.685062:0.295751:0.000000:0.000000
 Que no haya migraciones (no :@0.698380:0.311329:0.897799:0.311329:0.897799:0.296430:0.698380:0.296430:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
hay cambios en lo que se conoce :@0.680874:0.325159:0.902005:0.325159:0.902005:0.310260:0.680874:0.310260:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
como flujo de genes).:@0.718834:0.338990:0.860359:0.338990:0.860359:0.324091:0.718834:0.324091:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.764652:0.338990:0.768321:0.338990:0.768321:0.324091:0.764652:0.324091:0.000000
3. :@0.567795:0.433063:0.584497:0.433063:0.584497:0.417486:0.567795:0.417486:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Que la población sea :@0.584329:0.433063:0.724646:0.433063:0.724646:0.418164:0.584329:0.418164:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
muy grande.:@0.603142:0.446894:0.685614:0.446894:0.685614:0.431995:0.603142:0.431995:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
4.:@0.297254:0.425215:0.310739:0.425215:0.310739:0.409637:0.297254:0.409637:0.000000:0.000000
Que los cruces :@0.313872:0.425215:0.412828:0.425215:0.412828:0.410316:0.313872:0.410316:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
sean al azar (no se escogen :@0.264871:0.439046:0.445226:0.439046:0.445226:0.424147:0.264871:0.424147:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
fenotipos).:@0.318747:0.452876:0.387666:0.452876:0.387666:0.437977:0.318747:0.437977:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
5.:@0.144217:0.313116:0.157703:0.313116:0.157703:0.297538:0.144217:0.297538:0.000000:0.000000
 Que no haya selección :@0.157535:0.313116:0.312359:0.313116:0.312359:0.298217:0.157535:0.298217:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
natural (todos los fenotipos :@0.137516:0.326946:0.319079:0.326946:0.319079:0.312047:0.137516:0.312047:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
tienen la misma opción de :@0.139577:0.340776:0.317001:0.340776:0.317001:0.325877:0.139577:0.325877:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
tener descendencia).:@0.158473:0.354607:0.294419:0.354607:0.294419:0.339708:0.158473:0.339708:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Godfrey Harold Hardy:@0.368579:0.400709:0.498633:0.400709:0.498633:0.387300:0.368579:0.387300:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Wilhelm Weinberg:@0.531816:0.400709:0.642767:0.400709:0.642767:0.387300:0.531816:0.387300:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Como podrás intuir, en la naturaleza estas condiciones casi no se pueden cumplir; pero :@0.096359:0.494006:0.716578:0.494006:0.716578:0.477617:0.096359:0.477617:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
esta propuesta hipotética es una excelente herramienta para estudiar el cambio de :@0.096359:0.510354:0.716521:0.510354:0.716521:0.493965:0.096359:0.493965:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
las frecuencias alélicas de las poblaciones y determinar hacia qué dirección podría ir la :@0.096359:0.526701:0.716597:0.526701:0.716597:0.510312:0.096359:0.510312:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
evolución. Para poner en práctica esta visualización, se utiliza la prueba estadística que :@0.096359:0.543048:0.716504:0.543048:0.716504:0.526659:0.096359:0.526659:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
se conoce con el nombre del :@0.096359:0.559396:0.313879:0.559396:0.313879:0.543007:0.096359:0.543007:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Chi cuadrado X:@0.314671:0.559396:0.426564:0.559396:0.426564:0.543035:0.314671:0.543035:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 ( ), la cual tiene por objeto verifi car si las :@0.407989:0.559396:0.716578:0.559386:0.716578:0.542997:0.407989:0.543007:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.426371:0.553338:0.431335:0.553338:0.431335:0.543800:0.426371:0.543800:0.000000
frecuencias alélicas de una muestra presentan una variación que está dentro del com-:@0.096359:0.575733:0.712505:0.575733:0.712505:0.559344:0.096359:0.559344:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
portamiento esperado, según las leyes de Mendel, o no.:@0.096359:0.592081:0.495242:0.592081:0.495242:0.575692:0.096359:0.575692:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Ejemplo: se pide determinar, por el método de X , si hay la frecuencia esperada en :@0.096359:0.615551:0.716544:0.615548:0.716544:0.599159:0.096359:0.599162:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.461238:0.609501:0.466481:0.609501:0.466481:0.599946:0.461238:0.599946:0.000000
una población de 40 mariposas descendientes de dos heterocigotas, de las cuales se :@0.096362:0.631896:0.716548:0.631896:0.716548:0.615507:0.096362:0.615507:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
ha logrado determinar que 20 mariposas son homocigotas de color rojo, 6 mariposas :@0.096362:0.648243:0.716471:0.648243:0.716471:0.631854:0.096362:0.631854:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
son rojas heterocigotas y 14 mariposas son anaranjadas.:@0.096362:0.664590:0.505063:0.664590:0.505063:0.648202:0.096362:0.648202:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Empezaremos por contrastar las frecuencias observadas con las esperadas, según la :@0.096362:0.688060:0.716506:0.688060:0.716506:0.671672:0.096362:0.671672:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
ley de Mendel (25 % homocigoto dominante, 50 % heterocigoto y 25 % homocigoto :@0.096362:0.704408:0.716447:0.704408:0.716447:0.688019:0.096362:0.688019:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
recesivo). Ahora se calcula el X , siguiendo la fórmula::@0.096362:0.720755:0.484560:0.720747:0.484560:0.704358:0.096362:0.704366:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.318427:0.714699:0.323670:0.714699:0.323670:0.705144:0.318427:0.705144:0.000000
x  = :@0.096366:0.751353:0.128561:0.751347:0.128561:0.734958:0.096366:0.734964:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.104264:0.745299:0.109507:0.745299:0.109507:0.735745:0.104264:0.735745:0.000000
(frecuencias observadas – frecuencias esperadas):@0.157592:0.747475:0.516688:0.747475:0.516688:0.731087:0.157592:0.731087:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.516685:0.741428:0.521928:0.741428:0.521928:0.731873:0.516685:0.731873:0.000000
frecuencias esperadas:@0.259187:0.763820:0.420337:0.763820:0.420337:0.747431:0.259187:0.747431:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
∑:@0.128560:0.758383:0.148060:0.758383:0.148060:0.722625:0.128560:0.722625:0.000000
p + q = 1:@0.174189:0.819900:0.231482:0.819900:0.231482:0.806452:0.174189:0.806452:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Rr:@0.137551:0.890973:0.151071:0.890973:0.151071:0.877524:0.137551:0.877524:0.000000:0.000000
X:@0.198788:0.870311:0.212039:0.870311:0.212039:0.851236:0.198788:0.851236:0.000000
R:@0.124893:0.913215:0.133404:0.913215:0.133404:0.899766:0.124893:0.899766:0.000000
R:@0.093801:0.959748:0.102311:0.959748:0.102311:0.946299:0.093801:0.946299:0.000000
20:@0.112815:0.982330:0.127590:0.982330:0.127590:0.968882:0.112815:0.968882:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.208873:0.982330:0.216261:0.982330:0.216261:0.968882:0.208873:0.968882:0.000000
r:@0.219536:0.913215:0.224545:0.913215:0.224545:0.899766:0.219536:0.899766:0.000000
Rr:@0.261400:0.890974:0.274919:0.890974:0.274919:0.877525:0.261400:0.877525:0.000000:0.000000
p + q = 1:@0.410237:0.703302:0.462374:0.703302:0.462374:0.691064:0.410237:0.691064:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Rr:@0.376897:0.767978:0.389199:0.767978:0.389199:0.755740:0.376897:0.755740:0.000000:0.000000
X:@0.432623:0.749175:0.444682:0.749175:0.444682:0.731816:0.432623:0.731816:0.000000
R:@0.365379:0.788217:0.373123:0.788217:0.373123:0.775980:0.365379:0.775980:0.000000
R:@0.337085:0.830562:0.344829:0.830562:0.344829:0.818324:0.337085:0.818324:0.000000
3:@0.354388:0.911477:0.361110:0.911477:0.361110:0.899239:0.354388:0.899239:0.000000
20:@0.354388:0.851113:0.367833:0.851113:0.367833:0.838875:0.354388:0.838875:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.441801:0.851113:0.448523:0.851113:0.448523:0.838875:0.441801:0.838875:0.000000
14:@0.441801:0.911477:0.455246:0.911477:0.455246:0.899239:0.441801:0.899239:0.000000:0.000000
p  + 2pq + q:@0.397926:0.923404:0.469393:0.923391:0.469393:0.911153:0.397926:0.911166:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.405593:0.918678:0.409513:0.918678:0.409513:0.911544:0.405593:0.911544:0.000000
2:@0.469393:0.918678:0.473312:0.918678:0.473312:0.911544:0.469393:0.911544:0.000000
r:@0.451503:0.788217:0.456061:0.788217:0.456061:0.775980:0.451503:0.775980:0.000000
r:@0.337076:0.880876:0.341635:0.880876:0.341635:0.868638:0.337076:0.868638:0.000000
Rr:@0.489600:0.767978:0.501902:0.767978:0.501902:0.755740:0.489600:0.755740:0.000000:0.000000
Obs.:@0.622826:0.821670:0.655175:0.821670:0.655175:0.806306:0.622826:0.806306:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Esp.:@0.673704:0.821670:0.702618:0.821670:0.702618:0.806306:0.673704:0.806306:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
RR:@0.576439:0.843183:0.593359:0.843183:0.593359:0.828283:0.576439:0.828283:0.000000:0.000000
20:@0.630817:0.843183:0.647168:0.843183:0.647168:0.828283:0.630817:0.828283:0.000000:0.000000
10:@0.679986:0.843183:0.696336:0.843183:0.696336:0.828283:0.679986:0.828283:0.000000:0.000000
Rr:@0.578114:0.864393:0.591701:0.864393:0.591701:0.849494:0.578114:0.849494:0.000000:0.000000
6:@0.634922:0.864393:0.643097:0.864393:0.643097:0.849494:0.634922:0.849494:0.000000
20:@0.680002:0.864393:0.696353:0.864393:0.696353:0.849494:0.680002:0.849494:0.000000:0.000000
rr:@0.579924:0.885604:0.589925:0.885604:0.589925:0.870705:0.579924:0.870705:0.000000:0.000000
14:@0.630851:0.885604:0.647201:0.885604:0.647201:0.870705:0.630851:0.870705:0.000000:0.000000
10:@0.680019:0.885604:0.696370:0.885604:0.696370:0.870705:0.680019:0.870705:0.000000:0.000000
Total:@0.567108:0.906815:0.602757:0.906815:0.602757:0.891450:0.567108:0.891450:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
40:@0.630851:0.906815:0.647201:0.906815:0.647201:0.891915:0.630851:0.891915:0.000000:0.000000
40:@0.680019:0.906815:0.696370:0.906815:0.696370:0.891915:0.680019:0.891915:0.000000:0.000000